KIDNEY CANCER

CANCER DISEASES

CAUSE - DIAGNOSIS AND HEALING

( 31 TYPES OF CANCER IN HUMANS that you MUST KNOW )

KIDNEY CANCER

Incidence rates of kidney cancer

Kidney cancer is a malignant tumor that is often found in the urinary system , with the incidence rate reached 3 % ~ 6 % of all malignant tumors . Each year incidence rates of kidney cancer worldwide increased 2 % , kidney cancer patients who die each year is approaching 100,000 cases . Kidney cancer occupying levels 80 % ~ 90 % of malignant tumors of adults. Renal cancers are most often found in adults . Comparison between patients with kidney cancer men and women is 2:1 , can occur at any age , the highest incidence rates of 50-70 years of age .

Percentage survival of kidney cancer

Many factors affect the survival rate of kidney cancer , kidney cancer patients after general surgery nephrectomy 5 -year survival rate of approximately 35 % ~ 40 % , 10 -year survival rate of about 17 % ~ 30 % . The prognosis of kidney cancer is sometimes difficult to estimate , within a period of 20-30 years or even longer after nephrectomy surgery , metastatic lesions .

What are the causes of kidney cancer ?

Kidney cancer incidence rates are very high , but people still do not understand clearly the true cause of kidney cancer . Kidney cancer is a result of joint effects of various factors .

( 1 ) Smoking : Dangers of kidney cancer for people who smoke more than 30 years and smoking cigarettes without filters is very high .

( 2 ) Overweight and high blood pressure : Overweight and high blood pressure are two factors that can lead to dangerous kidney cancer in men .

( 3 ) Occupation : Worker field of metal , newspaper printing workers , coal charcoal workers , the dry cleaning industry and trade of petrochemical products , it could increase the rate of kidney cancer incidence and mortality risk .

( 4) The radiation : In the long period of exposure under a weak radioactive source can increase the risk of kidney cancer .

( 5 ) Gentetik : The population of people from wild member had cancer , the incidence rate is higher than the ordinary person .

( 6 ) Food and drugs : According to the survey , consume dairy products , animal protein and high amounts of fat , less fruit and vegetable consumption is a danger factor that can lead to kidney cancer .

Symptoms of kidney cancer

1 . There is no obvious symptoms : Until now , the clinically more than 40 % of kidney cancers discovered at the time of medical examination or examination for other reasons by chance , there are no obvious symptoms or signs . In the inspection process , the incidence rate increasing every year , mostly early lesions , the prognosis is good . Therefore , periodic medical examination is very important .

2 . Typical local symptoms : Peeing blood , back pain , a lump in the abdomen is known as the three main symptoms of kidney cancer . At the moment all three of these symptoms appear in the patient's body , most interpret disease condition has progressed to an advanced stage , the hope for treatment once a small , but very little these circumstances . Most patients have only one or two symptoms of the three symptoms above .

( 1 ) Diabetes Blood : Approximately 40 % of kidney cancer patients will develop symptoms urinating blood , blood urine appears which can be seen with the naked eye , blood urine may also appear under the microscope observation . At the time of blood urine in large quantities to form a blood clot symptoms of renal colic pain , painful urination , dysuria , urinary retention even .

( 2 ) Lump : The kidneys are in retroperitoneal , is located in , the stomach can not feel touched , only when the tumor size is rather large or when the tumor is located on the bottom of the new kidney can be palpated for lumps , about 10 % ~ 40 % of patients no palpable lump in the belly , sometimes these symptoms is the only symptom .

( 3 ) Pain : Back pain due to tumor after growing up , the elasticity of the outer layer of the kidney to increase or tumor invasion into surrounding tissues , causing pain dull monotone ( continuous ) . The rate of appearance of symptoms of pain was 20 % ~ 40 % . When associated with symptoms should seek treatment immediately , so as not to delay the disease .

3 . Symptoms throughout the body : 10 % ~ 40 % of patients experienced a paraneoplastic syndrome , with symptoms of high blood pressure , anemia , weight loss , cachexia , inflammation , polycythemia , liver dysfunction and other

4 . Symptoms metastases : Because of the metastases of patients may experience bone pain , fractures , cough , coughing up blood and other symptoms . Approximately 10 % of patients seek treatment because of the presence of metastases . Clinical symptoms vary kidney cancer , when found the symptoms as mentioned earlier , immediately consult with a specialist to perform the examination with the related necessary .

What many diagnostic methods ?

The main clinical diagnosis of kidney cancer rely on imaging diagnosis , pathology examination is required for identification

1 . Imaging diagnosis

( 1 ) X - ray examination : The waist radiographic imaging may show increased renal lesion site irregular , large waist muscles blurred shadow . In intravenous phelograpi often seen pelvis or calyceal depressed , distortion , elongated or reversed .

( 2 ) Ultrasound : Can distinguish between mass and renal cysts , renal cancer also show the scope , if there is invasion of nearby organs and the presence or absence of metastases in the liver and spleen.

( 3 ) CT scan : Mainly used for the diagnosis of space-occupying lesions of the kidney and cystic mass identification and a solid mass , with a level of accuracy that reaches 95 % . Objective can give a more accurate evaluation of tumor size , shape , density , presence or absence ④ Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI ) : Can be clearly identified with solid and cystic renal masses.

2 . Examination pathology

Renal biopsy can get pathomorphologi early diagnosis .

Staging stage kidney cancer

According to the method of Robson , stage kidney cancer can be divided into the following steps below :

Stage I : The tumor is located in the renal capsule.

Stage II : Tumor invasion into fat surrounding the kidney , but is still limited to the perirenal fascia.

Stage III : divided into stage IIIa , stage IIIb and IIIc stage

Stage IIIA : Tumor invasion into renal vein or inferior vena static pulse ;

Stage IIIb : Invasion to the regional lymph nodes

Stage IIIc : At the same time the invasion of renal vein , inferior vena cava , lymph nodes .

Stage IV is divided into stage IVa and stage IVb.

Stage Iva : Tumor invasion into adjacent organs with extra - adrenal ;

Ivb Stage : Distant metastases of tumors.

Kidney cancer treatment method

After diagnosis and staging of cancer , the doctor will discuss the specifics of treatment programs , today provides a bit of time to think about who will be chosen treatment program is very important . One important factor is the effect of cancer staging . Other considerations include the health condition itself , the side effects of the treatment program , whether it can prolong life , relieve symptoms and others .

If suffering from kidney cancer , the treatment options include : surgery , radiation therapy, targeted therapy , immunotherapy , chemotherapy or therapies are used together .

1. Operations

   ( 1 ) radical nephrectomy : Surgical removal of the entire kidney , adrenal gland

   and resection of adipose tissue around the kidney . Also removal of nearby lymph

   nodes . Most patients therefore can only rely on the kidneys to filter urine .

   ( 2 ) lymph node dissection : When the cancer has reached the lymph nodes , many

   doctors at the time of radical resection , also will clean the lymph nodes .

   ( 3 ) Partial nephrectomy : excision of part of the kidney that contains the tumor   

   tissue .

   ( 4 ) Resection of metastases : Resection of the tumor that had metastases , it can

   help alleviate the patient's pain and symptoms . 

2. Methods Ar - He knife therapy

Under the guidance of ultrasound or CT , freezing probe is inserted into the cancer , argon gas is channeled rapidly lowering the temperature of the cancer , then change the channel the gases helium , so that the ice ball up again , at least two cycles , so as to achieve the destruction of tumor tissue .

3. Radiofrequency ablation

This technology is the application of high- energy radio waves to heat the tumor . Under the guidance of imaging equipment , by percutaneously inserted through the skin into the cancer , the cancer is heated with high frequency to destroy cancer cells .

4. Methods Radiotherapy

Radiotherapy is the application of high-energy rays ( such as X-rays ) to kill or shrink cancer cells.

5. Methods of targeted therapies

Targeted therapies is to inhibit the growth of blood vessels that supply nutrients to tumors and cancer cell growth in other parts .

6 . Methods immunotherapy

Primarily to improve the body's own immune system to fight off or destroy cancer cells.

7 . Methods chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is an anti-cancer drug by injecting into a vein or by oral pills . These drugs will be through the blood flow throughout the body .

Therapy TCM characteristics

TCM after years of exploitation and research, TCM is effective in the treatment of balance and strengthen the body against cancer, TCM drugs can explore the whole process of treatment of kidney cancer, the experts can combine the theory of diagnosis and treatment with other therapeutic methods to improve the effectiveness of treatment and minimize toxicity, the use of pure TCM also has a particular effective in inhibiting cancer growth, improve quality of life and others. Besides acupuncture, needle insertion, injection akupoin, massage, qigong therapy is also very helpful for kidney cancer patients reduce symptoms and improve efficacy.

BOOKMARK & SHARE

DUODENAL CANCER

CANCER DISEASES

CAUSE - DIAGNOSIS AND HEALING

( 31 TYPES OF CANCER IN HUMANS that you MUST KNOW )

DUODENAL CANCER

How many incidents of duodenal cancer ?

Colorectal cancer is a duodenal cancer is not often the case , of all cases of malignant tumors of this cancer is less than 1 % . age 50-70 years the incidence of duodenal cancer higher , while the disease is more common in men than women suffered .

What are the causes of duodenal cancer ?

Now the cause of duodenal cancer still unclear. Bile and pancreatic secretion of certain substances , such as lithocholic acid and secondary bile acids may be a carcinogenic factor . Adenomatous polyposis , benign epithelial tumors such as villous adenomas , and other diseases , may be associated with adenocarcinoma of the duodenum . Other studies suggest that duodenal ulcers or diverticular malignancy and genetic factors also have a close relationship with the occurrence of duodenal adenocarcinoma

Kinds  of duodenal cancer

1 . Duodenum adenocarcinoma : adenocarcinoma originating from the intestinal mucosa 12 mostly single finger , and because malignant adenocarcinoma

2 . Carcinoid of the duodenum : malignant tumors derived from enterochromaffin cells in the intestines . , Tumors generally grow smaller , mostly single or double , but as the growth of tumor invasion can cause malignant tumor infiltration characteristics

3 . Leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum : derived from the duodenal mucosa muscularis muscularis propria or muscularis of the duodenum or colon tumor blood vessel walls .

4 . Malignant lymphoma of the duodenum : the origin of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue in the duodenum , the existence of a continuous assault to lymphoma to the intestinal wall , so that the occurrence of pathological changes .

Symptoms - symptoms of duodenal cancer

1 . Portion of the abdomen of the patient feels uncomfortable, when food goes ache or pain and sometimes pain to the back .

2 . Phenomenon of anorexia , nausea and vomiting in patients

3 . Appear chronic or intermittent bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract of patients , such as fecal occult and melena .

4 . Decreased body weight , fever and symptoms of anemia .

5 . When tumors grow and experience the invasion of tissues other woods , most patients feel no lumps right quadrant .

What are the methods of examination of duodenal cancer ?

1 . Contrast barium double : double barium contrast examination can be seen part of the pathological changes in mucosal thickening , there are defects in the intestinal polyps and 12 cavities narrowed finger .

2 . Fibre duodenal endoscopy : endoscopic fiber can be seen part of the pathological changes in mucosal ulceration , mucosal surfaces and can see if there are any dead or damaged organisms .

3 . B ultrasound , endoscopic ultrasound and CT scans : you can see the local wall thickening , and can understand the scope of tumor invasion , the depth, the surrounding lymph nodes or metastasis to the liver and other abdominal organs conditions .

4 . Celiac artery selective and superior mesenteric angiography : through checks above , may not necessarily be diagnosed as duodenal cancer , can choose to do selective celiac artery and superior mesenteric arteriography to help diagnose .

Common methods of treatment of duodenal cancer

1 . Methods surgery : surgery performed based on the position and condition of cancer , including : pancreaticoduodenal resection , segmental resection of duodenal tube , partial resection of papillary tumors and partial gastrectomy .

2 . Radiotherapy and chemotherapy : a method of treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy in duodenal cancer does not have significant efficacy , but chemotherapy can prolong patient survival , after or prior to surgery , chemotherapy and radiotertapi can be used as a method of combined / complementary , can improve resection rate and reduce the recurrence of duodenal cancer .

Method / way of life care as what is being run on duodenal cancer ?

1 . The patient should stop smoking , not drinking alcohol , tea and coffee that is too thick

2 . Patients should not overeat , less spicy food and rude .

3 . Reduce drinking drugs that can stimulate gastrointestinal irritation

4 . Patients should eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables

5 . Patients should organize regular and diet rich in nutrients

6 . Must avoid eating contaminated food , and the cleanliness of the tools cutlery patients

The best method of treatment for bladder cancer patients

Based on the patient's condition and symptoms of bowel cancer 12 finger through consultation of experts , multi - disciplinary teams of cancer surgeons , pathologists , radiation oncologists , oncologists and minimally invasive oncology nurse , will tailor a suitable treatment programs that improve and maximize results of the treatment of duodenal cancer .

Special TCM therapy of duodenal cancer

TCM treatment is a health recovery kesuluruhan body in balance , build anti- cancer protection , improve the immune system and increases the ability of the body .                         

BOOKMARK & SHARE

NASOPHARYNX CANCER

CANCER DISEASES

CAUSE - DIAGNOSIS AND HEALING

( 31 TYPES OF CANCER IN HUMANS that you MUST KNOW )

NASOPHARYNX CANCER

The highest population of nasopharyngeal cancer patients

Nasopharyngeal cancer has a significant ethnic differences occur in the yellow race ( China , Indonesia , Malaysia , Thailand , Vietnam , Philippines ) , and nasopharyngeal cancer is found only slightly in Caucasians . Nasopharyngeal cancer primarily affects the elderly , children and some teenagers and young 30 -year -old , generally nasopharyngeal cancer cases will rise sharply in the last 40-60 years after entering the age of 65 years , the risk of this disease will begin to decline .

What are the causes of nasopharyngeal cancer ?

1 . Epstein-Barr virus infection : The study found the Epstein-Barr virus infection and nasopharyngeal cancers linked directly , patients infected by EB virus will produce a variety of antibodies .

2 . Environment and food : environmental factors affect nasopharyngeal cancer , salted and pickled fish consumption can also lead to excess risk of nasopharyngeal cancer .

3 . Genetic factors : patients with a history of nasopharyngeal cancer in the family , will be at higher risk of developing cancer of the nasopharynx .

What are the early symptoms of nasopharyngeal cancer ?

1 . Epistaxis bleeding in one nostril is one of the early symptoms of cancer of the nasopharynx .

2 . Nasal congestion : when the tumor is small , stuffy nose will feel lighter , but increasingly growing size of the tumor in the nose , then congestion will worsen .

3 . Tinnitus , hearing loss , ipsilateral tumors can cause tinnitus , popping ears or hearing loss is accompanied by ear effusion .

4 . Headache : a headache in the morning that his position is not fixed ,

5 . Lump in the neck : although only a small proportion of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer who experienced a deployment to the neck , but the spread will increase rapidly , soft lumps will harden slowly , but its development shows little activity .

6 . Cranial nerve symptoms : numbness in areas other than the face , shaded double vision , blurred vision , ptosis ( eyelid down ) , strabismus , and hypoesthesia in the throat , palate numbness , difficulty swallowing , hoarseness , and tongue oblique and others .

Examination of what can be done to detect nasopharyngeal cancer ?

1 . Examination of the anterior nasal endoscopy

2 . Nasopharyngoscopy

3 . Fiber nasopharyngoscopy

4 . Biopsy neck

5 . Aspiration / removal of tissue using a fine needle

6 . Examination of the blood lab to determine the Epstein-Barr virus serology

7 . Lateral radiographs in the nasopharynx , or CT scan of the base of the skull

8 . Ultrasound examination

9 . Examination magnetic resonance

What are the treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer among others ?

Currently , the treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer include surgery , radiotherapy , chemotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine consumption , symptomatic treatment is combined into the combined treatment . For early-stage nasopharyngeal cancer that has not spread of this virus , the most effective treatment is surgery , patients who underwent surgery for nasopharyngeal cancer that has not spread , survival survive more than 5 years has reached more than 80 % , after surgery do patients have to undergo chemotherapy , the consumption of Chinese herbs or medicine can also be combined to prevent recurrence .

Along with the rapid development of modern medical technology , minimally invasive treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer can gradually replace traditional treatment methods which bring many adverse effects such as injuries are minimal , slight bleeding , can reduce the level of suffering of patients , and to improve the quality of life of patients and the method of minimally invasive is the preferred method of many cancer patients .

Care what to do after surgery ?

1 . Maintain a balanced diet , so that could be a source of good endurance for patients , multiply the consumption of major vegetable fresh, fruit , foods that contain high protein , high calorie , and avoid food that is baked, fried and preserved foods .

2 . Maintaining health is not too tired , do not do the job heavy laden , late nights , excessive exercise , recovering patients should keep the nasal cavity and oral hygiene with frequent rinsing , washing the nasal cavity , and teeth pulled within 1 year .

3 . Keeping psychological condition

The family should provide entertainment , explanations , attention , support , encouragement and meeting the needs of patients so pasienpun have an optimistic attitude in the day today .

Any other support that can help the patient ?

Various kinds of treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma cancer , chemotherapy is the preferred treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma cancer patients , but if the patient's physical condition weakened , would be difficult to receive a chemotherapy drug that brings greater toxicity , thus making the difficult acceptance of anti - cancer treatment . Experts Modern Cancer Hospital Guangzhou suggests that immunization can be beneficial biological immune usefulness and complications in the treatment of chemotherapy , the protection of white blood cells , platelets , hemoglobin when chemotherapy , while when an increase in white blood cells , and may protect your bone marrow function . Thus , blood cancer nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients can quickly return to normal , because of the smoothness of chemotherapy .                     

BOOKMARK & SHARE

BLADDER CANCER

CANCER DISEASES

CAUSE - DIAGNOSIS AND HEALING

( 31 TYPES OF CANCER IN HUMANS that you MUST KNOW )

BLADDER CANCER

How big is the incidence rate of bladder cancer ?

Bladder cancer worldwide occupies a position of 3% of all malignant tumors . Every year there are more than 350,000 people convicted of bladder cancer . Bladder cancer can occur at any age but when the age of 50-60 years is likely to be a higher incidence . sejalannya incidence rate will increase with the age , the incidence rate in males is approximately 3-4 times in women .

What are the causes of bladder cancer ?

Bladder cancer is formed by the interaction of several factors . smoke

work profession , is an aromatic factor definite cause of bladder cancer formation . Other causes are :

1 . Carcinogens in drinking water : drinking can eliminate toxins in the body but chlorinated water may increase the likelihood of bladder cancer

2 . Urinary tract disease : current urethral epithelium experiencing chronic irritation or metabolism of carcinogens in human urine increased , causing proliferation of urothelial cancer and later became

3 . Medication - drugs : drug taking non - phenacetin -containing analgesics with a large dose makes the risk of bladder cancer is increasing.

What are the symptoms of bladder cancer ?

1 . Haematuria : hematuria hematuria can be divided into intermittent or complete , and can be expressed as an initial or terminal hematuria hematuria , the majority of bladder cancer patients will be no discharge of blood clots and clots carcasses rotting carcasses .

2 . Irritation of the bladder : a tumor formed in the bladder trigone , extends the scope of pathology or when an infection can stimulate up to the bladder , causing the phenomenon of frequent and urgent urination .

3 . Obstructive urinary tract symptoms : larger tumors , tumors in the bladder neck and the blockage of a blood clot would cause a bowel movement even urinary retention . Tumor infiltration into the hole the urinary tract can cause obstruction of the urinary tract , causing back pain , hydronephrosis and impaired renal function .

4 . Symptoms metastases : an advanced stage of tumor invasion to the surrounding bladder tissue , other organs or pelvic lymph node metastasis , will cause pain in the bladder, urethra vaginal fistula , and lower extremity edema , metastasis to more distant organs , pain bone and cachexia .

Methods for diagnosing bladder cancer ?

1 . Cystoscopy : can see directly where the growth of the tumor , the size , number , shape and variety of invasive , at the same time also did a biopsy test .

2 . CT - Scan : Can be found in the lymph nodes and the tumor enlarges , the level of accuracy of 80 % .

3 . B - Ultrasound : With over bladder filling , stretching the walls of the bladder mucosa , B - Ultrasound can menetahui of tumor size , location and degree of infiltration of the mucosa .

4 . Examination ray contrast : the examinations through ray contrast can learn the overall condition of the bladder , and the depth of tumor infiltration , the results of radiography of the renal pelvis and ureter can be determined whether there is hydronephrosis and urinary tract infiltration .

How to differentiate stages of bladder cancer ?

Stage 0 : Also known as carcinoma in situ , at the edges of organisms bladder tumors arise .

Stage I : the cancer cells have spread to the inner and outer layers of the bladder

Stage II: The cancer cells have spread to the bladder wall muscle lapisanan

Stage III : the cancer cells have spread to the adipose tissue around the bladder , the possibility of spread to the genitals

Stage IV : Cancer cells have spread from the bladder to the peritoneum or into the pelvis. Cancer cells may have affected up to lymph or to other organs in the body .

Recurrence : after treatment of bladder cancer , bladder or other parts of the body may experience a recurrence

How does the treatment of bladder cancer ?

1 . Surgery : surgical method is done based on the results of the pathological diagnosis of bladder cancer patients , the condition of the disease and the condition of the patient can be carried pemebdahan appropriate ways , such as:

( 1 ) Mechanical transurethral bladder tumor surgery

( 2 ) Radical cystectomy

2 . Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy : methods of radiotherapy and chemotherapy may be an additional method . Before or after surgery , choose to perform radiotherapy and chemotherapy can increase the effects of surgical outcomes , and improve the quality of life of bladder cancer patients .

3 . TCM : in the treatment of bladder cancer traditional Chinese medicine can be run alone or with surgery , radiotherapy and chemotherapy can also be one of the combined treatment may play a role in tumor suppression and improve quality of life .

Treatment for bladder cancer ?

Treatment of food :

1 . Bladder cancer patients are encouraged to eat fresh fruit and vegetables

2 . Should be given a diet high in protein such as eggs , milk and fish

3 . Give food preferences bladder cancer patients that have been modified , but avoid spicy foods , hard and difficult to digest by the body .

Care after Surgery

1 . The condition of the room should be kept clean , with clean air also

2 . Bladder cancer patients should avoid infections , should increase endurance

3 . Families should continue to encourage and help patients eliminate negative attitudes and thoughts

The best method of treatment for bladder cancer patients

Based on the patient's condition and symptoms of bladder cancer through the consultation of experts , multi - disciplinary teams of cancer surgeons , pathologists , radiation oncologists , oncologists and minimally invasive oncology nurse , will tailor a suitable treatment programs that enhance and maximize the results of treatment .        

BOOKMARK & SHARE

ENDOMETRIAL CANCER

CANCER DISEASES

CAUSE - DIAGNOSIS AND HEALING

( 31 TYPES OF CANCER IN HUMANS that you MUST KNOW )

ENDOMETRIAL CANCER

The causes that trigger the growth of endometrial cancer

Until now the medical world still not sure what the cause of cancer of the endometrium lining , usually estimated as a combination of many factors , but it causes other dangerous ie : tearing of the cervix , too frequent sexual intercourse , sexual intercourse is chaotic , ignoring sexual hygiene , neglect menstrual hygiene , skin covering the penis is too length pair , two types of herpes virus infection and papilloma virus infection , venereal diseases , fungal infections , etc. .

Vulnerable groups of people affected by cancer endometrial lining

1.Orang fat : Excessive fat can be a cause of cancer of the endometrium lining .

2 . Patients with diabetes : patients with diabetes or those with abnormal glucose levels , your risk of developing cancer than those of normal endometrial lining is 2.8 times as much .

3 . Patients with hypertension : most cancer endometrial lining is also accompanied by hypertension .

4 . Guy that irregular menstruation : menstrual chaos , polynomial , cancer risk than women of normal endometrial lining is 3 times as much .

5 . Guy that early menstruation and late menopause : people who start menstruating early before age 12 years compared with that after 12 years , the risk of cancer of the endometrium lining more 60 % , as well as menopausal women are more prone to cancer delayed endometrial lining .

6 . Layer endometrial cancer is more common in a lot of labor, have never given birth , and who can not conceive .

7 . Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome .

8 . Patients with ovarian tumors : can lead to irregular periods , bleeding after menopause and even cancerous enlargement of the endometrial glands endometrial glands .

9 . Women taking female hormones have a high risk of developing cancer of the endometrium lining .

Symptoms of cancer of the endometrium lining

Early stage patients do not show obvious symptoms , sometimes it just feels as regular inspection or examination oncologist . But once symptoms appear , usually feels like the following :

1 . Vaginal bleed : this is a symptom of cancer of the endometrium lining the most common and earliest symptom encountered . Often irregular blood out , blood comes out sometimes many times a little , for women who have menopausal symptoms menstrual encountered as much , lasts longer , for women who have menopausal symptoms encountered as vaginal bleeding.

2 . Vaginal discharge : the release of the endometrial lining of the organs of dead cancer can result in vaginal discharge , the fluid could come out like rice soup mixed with a little blood or pus with a bad odor .

3 . Pain : often occurs in patients with advanced stage , tumor pain due to nerve crushing , can be felt in the lumbosacral , lower abdomen or even to foot .

4 . Patients with advanced palpable enlargement of the uterus , may also menakibatkan leg swelling and pain , anemia , thin body , fever , decreased body condition , etc. .

Based on the above symptoms is followed by supporters examination , diagnosis can be done against cancer endometrial lining , therefore women should always be alert to changes in menstruation and vaginal secretions types of substances , such symptoms should immediately consult a hospital .

How to diagnose cancer of the endometrium lining

1 . Diagnosis curettage

Pap smear is usually done first, then checking the intrauterine part , new endometrial curettage , the sample will be included and separated into a bottle that has been marked , and delivered to the pathology examination . The results obtained are supporting pathology diagnosis of cancer of the endometrium lining .

2 . Hysteroscopy

Can directly observe the endometrial lining lesions , and taken an active lesions suspected to be examined .

3 . Catheter intrauterine

By using a catheter made ​​of special materials or brush intrauterine catheter inserted into section , secretion of substances taken for cytological examination , used for screening examinations .

4 . SG : penginvasian can indicate muscle layer .

Division of cancer staging endometrial lining

If the diagnosis has been clearly proven there is cancer , the doctor needs to understand the state of the disease in order to determine the most appropriate course of treatment . Factors that determine whether the tumor invaded the stage including organs around ; whether the cancer has become widespread ; when it is expanded , which already extends to parts .

Division of cancer staging endometrial lining including :

Stage 0 : only a tumor gland enlargement , also referred to as the starting point of cancer .

Stage I: The cancer is only limited to the uterus .

Stage II: The cancer has invaded into the cervix .

Stage III: The cancer has extended to the outside of the uterus ( including the vagina ) , but Keith exceed pelvis .

Stage IV: The cancer exceeds clearly pelvis or invades into the lining of the bladder or rectum .

How the treatment of cancer of the endometrium lining

1 . Perasi : is the most commonly used to treat cancers of the endometrium lining , how the operation should be adapted to the patient's disease condition , can be done throughout the surgical removal of the uterus and both attachments , can also be done more extensive surgery that is removal of the entire uterus and lymph cleansing nodes in the pelvis .

2 . Adioterapi : those who are not fit to run the operation , radiation exposure is often used on the body and outside the body cavity .

3 . Chemotherapy is often used in patients with advanced stage inoperable or radiotherapy , and pengambuhan after therapy .         

BOOKMARK & SHARE

ESOPHAGEAL CANCER

CANCER DISEASES

CAUSE - DIAGNOSIS AND HEALING

( 31 TYPES OF CANCER IN HUMANS that you MUST KNOW )

ESOPHAGEAL CANCER

Types of esophageal cancer can be divided into four , the most common is squamous cell carcinoma , accounts for more than 90 % of the process of cancer development and the slow rate of diffusion , therefore , jiak been detected early , can with surgery, chemotherapy , and radiotherapy for cancer control . The rest of esophageal adenocarcinoma , small cell carcinoma differentiated , carcinosarcoma is a very rare type of cancer of the esophagus but very high levels of damage .

Worldwide approximately 30 million people died of esophageal cancer . Incidence in men is much higher than in women , the ratio between males and females between 1.1 to 17:1 . The older the greater the likelihood of developing esophageal cancer , aged under 35 years had a lower likelihood , age 35 and over have likely level gradually increased , age 60 to age 69 was highest for the incidence of esophageal cancer . But do not worry , responsive attitude of early symptoms and treatment combined with sophisticated and effective in the treatment of esophageal cancer , can increase life expectancy for patients .

What causes cancer of the esophagus

The cause of esophageal cancer is lifestyle , health, genetic factors , other factors become more complex , long -term or diet can lead to esophageal cancer .

especially :

1 . Foods that contain a lot of nitrosamines , such as moldy foods or pickles ;

2 . Continuously consumes the heat , such as drinking a hot beverage , or eating a hot meal ;

3 . Bad habits such as smoking , drinking, and others .

What are the symptoms of esophageal cancer

Early symptoms of esophageal cancer is not very clear , more than half of patients with systemic metastases at diagnosis , after 5 years of surgery survival rate of only 25 % to 40 % . Therefore , understanding the symptoms of esophageal cancer, the impact on the detection and early treatment to improve life expectancy .

1 . At throat feels weird , and choking when swallowing food

2 . Currently swallow sternum feels hot , burning or pain as interested

3 . Difficulty swallowing , that can not eat , often accompanied by vomiting , abdominal pain , weight loss and other symptoms

4 . Difficulty eating can lead to persistent malnutrition , weight loss , chacexia , the spread of cancer can occur , pressure , and other complications .

It should be noted , if you have symptoms like this , not necessarily esophageal cancer , it could be due to other esophageal diseases , but if you have like this should go to the hospital for examination in order to know whether the disease is caused by cancer or other diseases because .

How do I diagnose ?

1 . Closely endoscopy : how is widely used for examination of gastrointestinal disease ( esophageal cancer , gastric cancer , etc. )

2 . Checking with ultrasound : to determine the depth of the lesion in the esophagus inflirtasi ; to measure the enlarged lymph nodes were abnormal in the wall of the esophagus ; lepsi siting on the wall of the esophagus

3 . Checking X-ray : to determine the lesion , the length and temperature of obstruction , can also determine the cancer cells have not been attacked or other parts .

4 . The CT Scan : CT scan can clearly show the relationship between the mediastinum adjacent to the esophagus , but it is rather difficult to detect early esophageal cancer .

5 . Checking esophageal cytology : it is simple , with early check pain .

Esophageal cancer staging

Stage 0 : early esophageal cancer , a cancer that occurs only limited in part keronkongan , no changes become malignant in other tissues , also did not spread to the lymph nodes .

Stage 1 : the cancer to other parts telang attack under the layers of the epidermis , the cancer cells appeared in the lamina propria or submucosa , but not disturb muscle . Cancer will not spread to lymph nodes or other organs .

Stage 2 : spread to the lymph nodes but not to other organs .

Stage 3 : the cancer has spread to the trachea esophagus adjacent to other organs , but does not affect the associated lymph nodes , no distant metastases .

Stage 4 : esophageal cancer has spread through the blood to other organs such as the liver , bones , brain and others.

How methods of treatment

The selection of methods of treatment of cancer of the esophagus has a very important impact , early treatment for esophageal cancer can prolong life goals , treatment can be control of this disease , prevent complications , and improve quality of life . Treatment can be tailored to the disease itself or by the combined ,

Operation : remove the tumor tissue adjacent to the lymph nodes , is more effective for initial treatment of localized lesions at the time . Pathologic stage is the most important prognostic factor for patient survival of esophageal cancer , esophageal cancer patients stage 1 surgery seteleah likely to live 5 years longer to reach 80 % to 90 % , for patients with esophageal cancer who have undergone the spread ( stage 3 and stage 4 ) chance of survival 5 years only to 15 % .

Radiotherapy : used before surgery to shrink the tumor , or after surgery to eradicate the remnants of cells after surgery . If the patient is not suitable for surgery , radiotherapy may be an alternative to replace surgery .

Chemotherapy may be combined with radiotherapy to eradicate cancer cells . To mengtrol esophageal cancer lesions smaller scope , but has no significant effect on the body .

Photodynamic therapy : a photosensitive material and technological advances in recent years endoscopy , photodynamic therapy can enhance progress , became commonly used in the treatment after first-line treatment .                                       

BOOKMARK & SHARE

LARYNX CANCER

CANCER DISEASES

CAUSE - DIAGNOSIS AND HEALING

( 31 TYPES OF CANCER IN HUMANS that you MUST KNOW )

LARYNX CANCER

How high larynx cancer occur ?

Throat cancer incidence of about 1 to 5 % of systemic tumors in the field of otolaryngology , second only to the nasal cavity and nasopharynx , sinus cancer ranks third . Neither the age of 50 to 70 years is more common in men than women .

What are the causes of cancer of the larynx ?

1 . Smoking : tobacco combustion can produce carcinogenic substances , tobacco smoke and ciliary movement can be made ​​to stop or slow down , congestion and mucosal edema , epithelial hyperplasia , thickening and squamous metaplasia , are carcinogenic

2 . Excessive Alcohol : alcohol can stimulate long-term for the degeneration of the mucous membrane and cause cancer .

3 . Chronic inflammation such as chronic laryngitis , or inflammation of the respiratory

4 . The air pollution : harmful gas in the long -term inhalation of sulfur dioxide and dust production industry tends to cause cancer of the larynx .

5 . Viral infections : Virus allows cells to change the nature of the abnormal division , is also attached to the viral gene upload it to the next generation of cancer cells . HPV - 16 , 18jenis virus infection and associated premises throat cancer .

6 . Precancerous changes : Throat benign keratoses and throat , such as throat cancer recurring .

7 . Radiation : Carcinogenic when radiation therapy and neck tumors

8 . Sexual Hormones : Research shows that larynx cancer patients with estrogen receptor-positive cells was significantly higher .

Is the method of spread of cancer of the larynx ?

1 . Diffusion direct : With an advanced stage of throat cancer often spreads to the infiltration of the submucosa

2 . Metastatic lymph nodes : site metastases are more common in the group of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery in the cervical lymph nodes , and then along the internal jugular vein to the bottom of the development of lymph nodes .

3 . Vascular transfer : To follow the circulation of blood to the body is transferred to the lungs , liver , kidney , bone , pituitary .

How to diagnose ?

1 . Examination of the neck

2 . Laryngoscopy

3 . Imaging studies

( 1 ) X-ray

( 2 ) CT - Scan , MRI

( 3 ) ultrasound

Characteristics of TCM in the treatment of cancer of the larynx

The advantage of the combination of traditional medicine and Western medicine , greater efficacy than monotherapy . " Integrative Therapy " by four- way treatment of cancer of the larynx , including arterial continuous infusion of traditional medicine , traditional medicine inhalation aerosol , traditional medicine rectal infusion heating , acupoint injection . It is further tumor treatment modality .

What treatment can be given ?

1 . Operations

The operation is the chosen method for the treatment of throat cancer , including total laryngectomy , the level of partial laryngectomy , vertical partial laryngectomy surgical resection , etc. required in the operation under the guidance of experts , depending on the patient's condition .

2 . Apply radiation therapy stage 1 lesions of the larynx , poor general condition , and should not be after the surgery and preoperative radiotherapy , radiotherapy still has a pronunciation function of the throat .

3 . Radiotherapy for locally advanced cancer that has already inoperable , Commonly used combination therapy with chemotherapy or radiotherapy plus chemotherapy

4 . Minimally invasive treatment

Minimally invasive treatment techniques (such as hyperthermia technology , cooling technologies , interventional techniques , photodynamic technology ) not only can increase the survival rate of the patient but also to preserve the function of the throat , the retention of 5 - year survival of cancer of the throat and throat functions also account for about 70 % .

Postoperative treatment of throat cancer ?     

( 1 ) fter the patient is awake , half- supine position , to facilitate breathing and drainage .

( 2 ) apat put ice on the neck , the prevention of bleeding wounds .

( 3 ) Must pay attention to the maintenance of smooth drainage , to prevent skin necrosis closing ; timely observe and record the character and quantity of fluid drainage , if abnormal promptly notify the physician to handle .

( 4 ) Postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy , according to conventional treatments .

(5) strengthen psychological care of patients                                

BOOKMARK & SHARE

PENILE CANCER

CANCER DISEASES

CAUSE - DIAGNOSIS AND HEALING

( 31 TYPES OF CANCER IN HUMANS that you MUST KNOW )

PENILE CANCER

How high incidence rate of penile cancer ?

Penile cancer usually occurs in older men , patients with an average age of 60 years , the older the age the higher the probability, the highest incidence occurred at age 70 years , sometimes also occur in young men .

What causes it ?

The cause of penile cancer is not clear , but according to medical observation and statistics show that the incidence of cancer of the penis with phimosis or redundant prepuce has a close relationship .

What are the clinical symptoms of penile cancer ?

Clinical symptoms of penile cancer , based on the morphology of the lesion , divided into primary cancer , papillary cancer , three types of invasive cancer .

1 . Cancer Primary : occurs in the head of the penis , appears slightly raised red plaques , clearer boundaries , surface desquamation , or erosion phenomenon .

2 . Papillary cancer : is the most common type of cancer in the incidence of penile cancer , for early papillary cancer , small surface nodules and papillary leaf surface is uneven , or a decrease in the scales , or the erosion phenomenon .

3 . Invasive cancer : in the early stages by eczematous plaque , penile coronal head being the most vulnerable . other areas also happen the same thing , no lesion surface nodules , if this condition is sustained there will be ulcers , ulcers surfaces often found in the purulent exudate or bleeding

How do I check-up of penile cancer ?

Experts from the Guangzhou Modern Hospital suggests , for men who want to detect early dick in the bathroom , there are specific methods , namely : with the thumb and forefinger , turn to both sides of the penis , if you feel there is swelling , pain that is mild or severe in the groin , immediately go to the hospital and ask the experts carry out further tests .

How do I diagnose penile cancer ?

1 . Examination of medical images

    ( 1 ) lymphography : very helpful in diagnosis , is generally not used as a routine checkup .     

    Checks can taste through the back leg , penis , sperm lymph nodes to perform image retrieval .

    ( 2 ) B Ultrasound : To ensure the liver , abdominal cavity with or without metastases

    ( 3 ) CT , MRI : check the peritoneum and other organs for example, other parts of the 

     metastasis .

2 . Tests others

When the split has not occurred , such as penile skin covering , only a biopsy can clarify the examination .

What is the significance of penile cancer biopsy ?

A biopsy is the standard method of diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis . For smaller lesions and can do a limited excision biopsy . Here the patient must perform post- surgical tissue resection to be negative . Biopsy provides useful information on the classification stage and disease tissues . For small lesions , depth of invasion can also be confirmed by a biopsy . Larger lesions more easily again ascertained the level of invasion by physical examination and imaging . Information is scattered when combined can help in ensuring disease stage and tumor metastasis in clinical symptoms were not clear ( in the sense of touching lymph node metastasis ) , can also determine the possibility of micro metastases .

What mode of spread of penile cancer ?

Penile cancer is a serious threat to the health of men , early detection and early treatment is important , as otherwise it would happen deployment . There are 3 main spread of penile cancer .

1 . Deployment local: root growth of the glans to form a circle , can attack the fascia of the penis , spongiform , spread to stem the scrotum , lower abdominal wall , urinary tract .

2 . Metastatic lymph nodes .

What are the forms of treatment?

1 . Operation : operation suitable for early-stage cancer of the penis is the size of the tumor is still small , and there is no metastasis .

2 . Chemotherapy : chemotherapy in cancer of the penis is very effective , especially when combined with surgery / surgical result will be increased .

3 . Radiotherapy : Radiotherapy in penile cancer is generally the result would be more effectively carried out after surgery

4 . Treatment is minimally invasive : no surgery , minor bleeding and a more effective killing of tumor cells , preventing metastasis and recurrence of the tumor cells .

TCM treatment is effective

Through TCM clinical research for many years , TCM serves to balance , fight cancer and improve durability . Therefore , the combination of eastern and western methods are used , the result will be a maximum pengobatanpun compared with monotherapy . Integrative therapies for the treatment of cancer of the penis through various means , including traditional Chinese medicine infusion through the arteries and acupoint injection .

Postoperative care what should be done for patients with penile cancer ?

1 . Weeks post surgery : a week postoperative bleeding that often occurs is / injury , infection , so patients should avoid congestive penile erection , defecation too hard , too fast getting out of bed , etc. .

2 . Keeping food : Eat foods that are easy to digest , avoid the consumption of foods that trigger increased androgens , such as : food of animal offal , which is high in zinc ( oysters , meat , beef ) , foods containing arginine ( eel , catfish , Honorius , sea ​​cucumbers ) , calcium -containing foods ( shrimp , soy ) .

3 . Prevention of wound infection : Prevention of wound infection , in addition to the use of antibiotics , the patient should wash every day and take care of the wound , which helps pasienpun family members should avoid contamination of the patient's urine , the urine affected clothing should be soaked clean and replaced .

4 . Following discharge from hospital : after discharge from the hospital , the biggest impact is the psychological state of operation of life in patients with surgery that changes the shape of the penis to shorten the length of the original , generally making the patient's psychological imbalance , lack of confidence in sexual life . In total penile surgery , couples can help patients achieve psychological satisfaction with touch through skin contact such as touching , hugging , kissing , etc. .

BOOKMARK & SHARE

VAGINAL CANCER

CANCER DISEASES

CAUSE - DIAGNOSIS AND HEALING

( 31 TYPES OF CANCER IN HUMANS that you MUST KNOW )

VAGINAL CANCER

What are the early signs of vaginal cancer ?

1 ) Get out of blood in the vagina : Signs that have appeared during intercourse bleeding , commonly occurs after intercourse or after menopause .

2 ) vaginal discharge : vaginal discharge abnormalities in tumor necrosis and infection due to the excretion of fluids , such as liquid can be water or broth as rice or when there is a discharge of blood .

3 ) There penghimpitan symptoms : When the advanced stage tumors suppress adjacent organs , may emerge penghimpitan related symptoms . Penghimpitan such as the bladder , urethra , urinary urgency may result , frequent urination , urinating blood ; penghimpitan the rectum , difficult BAB ; patients with end-stage can also be symptoms of blood BAB .

As to whether the group is prone to vaginal cancer ?

1 ) vaginal cancer patients average age was 60-65 years .

2 ) The young woman is taking estrogen during pregnancy cause vaginal clear cell carcinoma .

3 ) The woman who married young , gave birth at a young age and often abort an easy group of vaginal cancer .

Vaginal Cancer Stage Distribution

Stage 0 cancer at the site of origin .

Stage I tumors are confined to the walls of the vagina .

Stage II cancer has invaded surrounding tissue to the vagina , but not yet to the pelvic wall .

Stage III cancer has reached the pelvic wall .

Stage IV cancer has exceeded under the hip bone or has invaded the bladder , rectum mucosa .

Iva stage tumors invading adjacent organs .

Stage IVb tumors spread to distant organs .

How do I diagnose vaginal cancer ?

1 ) Pap smear ;

2 ) Examination of the pelvis ;

3 ) biopsy and cytology .

What are the treatment of vaginal cancer ?

1 ) Surgical Treatment

Sources vaginal cancer surgery can be performed locally , some or all of the vagina vagina , can also be run simultaneously angioplasty ; tumors invaded the upper vagina which patients with early stage , cervical surgery and can run most vaginal surgery and lymph node clearance operation pelvis ; tumors early stages of the lower vagina , vaginal surgery and can be run outside of the vagina and the lymph nodes in the groin .

2 ) Chemotherapy

Simply chemotherapy for the treatment of vaginal cancer results are not very visible , most of the combined treatment with radiotherapy , to enhance treatment effects .

3 ) Radiotherapy

Radiotherapy is included in two parts of the external Intracavitary radiation , endovascular treatment for primary lesions of the vagina , near the invaded area , external radiation is focused around the tumor invasion and metastasis to regional lymph nodes .

What are the steps of vaginal cancer treatment ?

1 ) Navigate to the vaginal speculum with light , turn speculum slowly , so as not to damage the cancerous tissue , avoiding the heavy bleeding .

2 ) When menstrual bleeding or vaginal prohibited perform vaginal washing to prevent infection of the uterine cavity .

3 ) The concentration of flushing fluid must be accurate , appropriate temperature , usually 

38-41 ℃ .

4 ) The pressure when washing the vagina should be corresponding . The pressure is too great , easy to wash fluid enters the uterine cavity , the pressure is too small can not achieve the purpose of laundering .

5 ) Observe the patient's condition changes . If it appears as a continuous bleeding or blood coming out a lot , you should immediately cease wash , gauze insert in the vagina , and tell your doctor .

6 ) genital swelling , bleeding , ulcers or vaginal stenosis , can use a small speculum to wash , relieve the suffering of patients .

7 ) Washing liquid must be replaced every day , rinse the brush and bucket sterilize once a week .

BOOKMARK & SHARE