The pancreas is an organ in the digestive system which has the primary function of which is to produce digestive enzymes as well as several important hormones such as insulin.
Pancreas gland is located at the rear of the hull and are closely related to the duodenum (duodenum). In it there is a collection of cells that are shaped like the island on the map, because it is often called the islands of Langerhans.
Named Langerhans top inventor, Paul Langerhans in 1869. Each island contains a functioning beta cells secrete insulin. Where the hormone insulin plays an important role in regulating blood glucose levels.
Each contains approximately 100,000 pancreatic islets of Langerhans and each island contains 100 beta cells. Besides, there is also a beta cells alpha cells that produce glucagon which works the opposite of insulin which enables high blood glucose levels. Also there delta cells which secrete somatostatin.
The hormone insulin
The hormone insulin produced by the pancreas gland. In the pancreatic gland contains approximately 100,000 islets of Langerhans and each island contains 100 beta cells.
By beta-cell insulin was produced, where the beta cells can be likened to a key that can open the door entry of glucose into the cells. For later in the cell, glucose is metabolized into energy power.
If no insulin, the glucose can not get into the cells with glucose result will remain in the blood vessels, which means the levels of glucose in the blood increases.
Instead, in addition to beta cells, there is also the alpha cells produce glucagon which has a function that works the opposite of the hormone insulin, which increase blood glucose levels.
In these circumstances the body often becomes weak due to the absence of an energy source within the cell. This is the most vulnerable place in diabetes mellitus type 1.
Diabetes mellitus is one of the oldest diseases in humans. Derived from the Greek word term, which means showers and Diabetes Mellitus means honey or sugar.
Approximately term diabetes mellitus describe symptoms of uncontrolled diabetes, which is a lot out urine sweet because it contains sugar. Because of this, in other words, this disease is also called "Diabetes".
By medical definition, the definition of diabetes extends to a collection of symptoms that arise in the aspect of a person is caused by the presence of elevated levels of blood glucose due to insulin deficiency both in absolute and relative nature.
Background Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is closely associated with normal glucose regulation mechanism. In normal conditions, the body sugar levels under control, ranging from 70-110 mg / dL, by the influence of the hormones insulin produced by the pancreas gland.
Every after meals, the absorption of food such as starchy (carbohydrate) in the intestines and blood sugar levels will rise. Increased blood sugar levels will trigger the production of insulin by the pancreas gland.
Thanks to the influence of the hormone insulin, the blood sugar will mostly go into the various cells of the body (most muscle cells) and will be used as energy in the cell.
Muscle cells then use the sugar for some purposes as energy, partially stored as glycogen and if there are still remaining, the remaining portion is converted into fat and protein.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is the main cause for the lack of insulin in the process of absorption of food.
The main function of insulin in lowering blood sugar levels naturally by:
• Increase the amount of sugar stored in the liver.
• Stimulate the cells of the body in order to absorb the sugar.
• Prevent the liver secretes too much sugar.
If insulin is reduced, levels of sugar in the blood will increase. Sugar in the blood comes from our food chemically processed by the liver. Some sugars are stored and partly used for energy.
This is where insulin function as a "stabilizer" natural to glucose levels in the blood. If interference occurs secretion (production) of the hormone insulin or an interruption in the process of absorption of insulin in the blood cells, the potential for the occurrence of diabetes mellitus is immense.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
If at 1 Diabetes Mellitus is the main cause of the malfunction of the pancreas gland, in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, a major disruption would occur in the volume of the receptor (receiver) insulin, the blood cells.
In this condition the productivity of insulin works well, but is not supported by sufficient quantity of volume receptors on blood cells, this situation is known as insulin resistance.
Although not yet confirmed the main cause of insulin resistance, the following are some of the factors that have an important role for such problem:
• Obesity, especially central besifat (apple shape)
• A diet high in fat and low in carbohydrates
• Lack of exercise (sports)
• Heredity (hereditary)
Diabetes Mellitus is not scary if caught early. Symptoms arising gejal very unwise to left, because it will plunge into a more fatal complications.
If it lasts for years, the condition of patients with diabetes mellitus great opportunity to be ketoacidosis ataupunhipoglikemia.
Perform early examination on the body, no need to wait until symptoms develop. Due to the early diagnosis, the doctor and the patient can cope with diabetes mellitus well so that we can prevent the best
Symptoms of Diabetes Can Be Seen in Mouth
In some cases diabetics found after went to the dentist, because of a disturbance in the oral cavity. Some of the symptoms of diabetes mellitus manifest in the oral cavity, and often expressed by the patient is rocking tooth, cavity dry mouth, bad breath bad and difficult to swallow. Manifestations of this disease in the oral cavity is found in diabetics meilitus already advanced, since almost no difference between patients with diabetes mellitus who are not in the early phase.
The symptoms that arise with the passage of this disease may occur singly or together, these symptoms include increased cavities, inflammation of the tissues supporting the teeth (periodotitis) which causes the teeth become loose, easy bleeding gums, water production liurberkurang, lichen planus, candidiasis or fungi, such as a burning sensation of the mouth, swallowing disorders and disturbances in the tasting. Pale mucous and thorough pain in the teeth without any stimulation (odontalgia) are accompanied by changes in the color of the clinical features of the oral cavity in patients with uncontrolled diabetes.
Inflammation of the supporting tissue (periodontitis) which causes the teeth to be rocking a symptom that is easily recognizable. Damage and loss of bone around the roots of teeth that occurs due to inflammation will lead to tooth unstable then shake and unsteadiness occurs not only on one tooth. Dry mouth, odor, swallowing disorders and burning sensation of the oral cavity as a symptom in patients with diabetes mellitus due to decreased saliva production. One of the typical symptoms in patients with diabetes mellitus is halitosis like the smell of acetone.
In addition to the common symptoms in patients with diabetes mellitus as polifagi (increased frequency of eating), polyuria (increased frequency of urination) and polidipsi (peningatan frequency of drinking), the above symptoms should also be wary, if found any of these symptoms, you should immediately consult general or a medical specialist in internal medicine and dentist.
What are the risk factors of diabetes mellitus? the following explanation:
Risk factors that can not be modified:
Race / ethnicity
Race Asian, American Indian, Hispanic, has the risk of diabetes mellitus greater.
Family history of diabetes
age
The risk of diabetes increases with age. If you are aged> 45 years, you should check your blood sugar levels.
History of having a baby with birth weight> 4000 g or have had diabetes during pregnancy (gestational diabetes)
A history of low birth weight (<2.5 kg)
Risk factors that can be modified:
Overweight / overweight (body mass index> 23kg / m2)
Less physical activity
smoke
Hypertension (BP> 140/90 mmHg)
Dyslipidemia or abnormal cholesterol levels (HDL <35 mg / dL, triglycerides> 250 mg / dL)
Unhealthy diet
Foods high in sugar and low in fiber will increase the risk of diabetes
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Occurs in women, characterized by irregular periods, hair growth that many (mustache, hair on arms, etc.), and obesity.
Diabetes mellitus is a disease that can be prevented. Immediately identify risk factors you have. If you have risk factors mentioned above, please make the effort to prevent diabetes to check your blood sugar levels regularly, healthy diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, and control the underlying disease (hypertension, cholesterol, PCO).
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