Actually, every year it is not 365 days

wikipedia.org photo

We just passed in 2014 and started in 2015. In this year, the Earth has 365 recorded the same day by the year 2014. However, true in 2015 and every year on earth has a 'bonus' of more than 365 days, which is 5 hours and 48 minutes 45.1814 seconds or nearly one per four days. How can?

Benchmark the number of days in a year on earth guided by our position in the solar system. Given all the planets, including the earth revolves around the sun (evolved), then one round of each planet signifies a year on that planet.

It makes Jupiter are located farther from the sun than Earth has a longer track revolution so that the number of days in a year in Jupiter can reach 12 years on earth.

So, how on earth can have a revolution like the current trajectory?

It all began when the universe was first formed billions of years ago, when the particles that exist in the universe to merge and collide, so was born the stars, one of which is the sun.

After that, the energy and the force of gravity which issued the sun helps the rest of the other space dust around it turned into planets and other celestial bodies. Circular motion of the sun that generates the planets or the new satellite spin and form a solar system.

Then, each planet was finally has its own gravitational force that make it together and form a revolution trajectory or orbit that does not intersect with other planets.

On earth the case is somewhat different, the formation of the current path can not be separated from the role of a dwarf planet named 'Theia'. According to the study, Theia known to hit the earth about 4.4 billion years ago. As a result, not only the earth's orbit has changed, lacing Theia make the earth at the speed (rotation and revolution) that is maintained until now.

Finally, with speed lacing Theia's results, one rotation of the earth around the sun 365.25 days commencing be the same as 2015's.

The rest of one per four-day or 5 hours 48 minutes 45.1814 seconds that is collected in the fourth year, known as leap year, where one year is equal to 366 days. This new leap year we will feel in 2016 later.

So, when we ask why 2015 has only 365.25 days, the answer is not because provision is made by humans, but the mechanism of the universe.

(From various sources)

Mysterious Animal Species discovery in 2014

2014 is not only famous for its technological development alone. Although not widely known by the public, the year 2014 was also a year of discovery of new animal species that make scientists shaking his head.

Starting from early human-like primate strange to be excellent ear frog without new in the world of animals. The newly discovered species of animals that human knowledge will complement the animal world is actually very little.

Here are some of the animals that have been discovered years ago that the public's interest.

1.Maratus pardus

Maratus Pardus is a species of spider new peacock from the western regions of Australia. The name 'Pardus' is taken from the Latin name of one of the big cats, leopards, given the abdomen back there is a bright yellow spots like a leopard skin pattern.

In addition, the movement of the spider-like leopard, especially when jumping from one branch to another.

2.Antechinus black tail

Antechinus does look like a rat, but make no mistake, this tiny animal classified as type marsupial marsupials such as kangaroos alias.

Antechinus only found in the volcano area in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Interestingly, this cute animal mating known for weeks that often end up killing themselves.

Saki 3.Monyet Isabel

New monkey species group Saki previously recorded only seen 5 tail only. Until now Isabel known Saki monkeys are 16 tail.

If seen, Saki monkey Isabel looks like a combination of early man and the slowest animal in the world, the sloth.

4.Katak Rhinella yunga

Merdeka.com - unique frog is still a debate among scientists. Therefore, many think when Rhinella yunga including frog species without ears.

The word 'yunga' is taken from the Quechuan word or languages of the surrounding mountains of the Andes, South America, which means 'warm hill'. New frog species with flaming orange peel was found in the Peruvian rain forest. When viewed from the color of his skin, the possibility Rhinella yunga toxic.

5.Lobster swamp Australia

Once again, Australia became a new discovery mysterious strange animals. A dark blue lobster found in coastal areas of New South Wales.

Lobster is new could be found because it is rare appeared as the only active when the tidal flood hit. While in the dry season or low tide, the lobster would rather bury themselves under the sand.

Currently scientists are still researching the number of lobsters in their natural habitat. It is important to know whether the species is endangered or not.

6.Tikus Etenka sengi

Rat is a species of rat Etenka sengi newest and most small elephant recorded at this time. This type of well-known rat will form long ears and snout-like elephants.

Sengi Etenka first discovered in a remote desert area in Namibia, Africa. These unique mice by different scientists from other elephants mice when viewed from the size and color. This is probably caused by a very terlisolasi habitat.

7.Tuco-tuco

One more new rodent found in South America, precisely Bolivia. That makes Tuco-tuco species is unique and strange, is a pair of front teeth typical orange.

Well, Tuco-tuco found around the Andes is recorded easily evolve as a result of their populations are often terilolasi. And Tuco-tuco was known began to show characteristic changes which became the forerunner of evolution.

Some discovery in Space by NASA

NASA Photo

No doubt NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) is a US space research institute that is most often made a breakthrough and astonishing discoveries.

Since its establishment in 1985 ago NASA has launched at least 1000 more exploration missions to investigate the earth and the universe. One of the missions that have recently most shocking the world is when NASA and ESA (European Space Agency) successfully landed the first satellite in a comet.

In addition, there are still many great discoveries made by NASA that not only increase knowledge, but also change the way humans think about the universe. Here's his review.

1. The planet similar to Earth with two suns

A planet circling a star usually just as the earth revolves around the sun. But what if a planet similar to Earth orbit coincidence two suns at once? The answer is OGLE-2013-BLG-034LBb.

The planet is about 3000 light years from Earth it is the first planet known to live in the solar system with two stars at its center. The discovery of OGLE-2013-BLG-034LBb make NASA sure there are many other planets out there who could be the next human habitation.

2. Hand of God

Strange apparition seen by NASA's successful. By using Chandra, NASA managed to record a fraction of exploding stars that form a complete hand with his fingers.

'Hand of God' was formed by the pulsar's spin or type of neutron star. Each round of the star produce large amounts of energy that eventually form a burst of energy. Uniquely, the pulsar was only 12 miles in diameter, but is able to produce a cloud of space with a length of 150 light-years away!

Pulsar 'Hand of God' is located about 17,000 light years from Earth.

3. The aliens in Titan

Some time ago, NASA using Cassini probe has uncovered when Titan, one of Saturn's satellites, have a fairly thick layer of the atmosphere.

Not only that, NASA discovered life form that has long lived in the atmosphere of Titan. The mysterious life forms can survive by consuming the substance (hydrogen) contained in the atmospheric layer.

4. The net universe

Not only internet who have 'nets', the universe also appeared to have a cosmic strings that look like spider webs.

By utilizing the services of the Keck telescope in Hawaii, NASA discovered a bright object or quasars are seen illuminating gas nets that connect the dots in the galaxy. Nets universe was estimated extends up to 2 million light-years from the end of the universe to the other.

5. ancient solar system

An ancient solar system found at a distance of 127 light years from Earth. NASA states that when the solar system is a system of the largest and most distant planet from the sun.

Furthermore, although the solar system was only inhabited by 5 planets, but the distance between the planet similar to our solar system. According to Dr. Christophe Lovis of NASA, the ancient solar system discovery marked the beginning of a new era of search farthest planets in the universe.

6. The first planet habitable

Besides Earth, scientists still have not found a planet can actually inhabited by humans. However, a speck of hope appeared when NASA discovered Kepler-78B. The planet is a planet outside the solar system with the closest distance to Earth. Kepler-78B itself has the size of 80 percent larger than Earth.

Unfortunately, further research shows if Kepler-78B is almost impossible inhabited by humans since reported a surface temperature can reach 2000 degrees Celsius! That is because the distance is too close to its star, which is only 900 thousand miles.

7. ancient lake on Mars

Puzzle about life on Mars began missed once in January 2014, NASA found evidence of water on Mars mainland. The proof is a former giant lake about 3.7 billion years old.

The existence of an ancient lake is increasingly emphasized when the first red planet was once occupied by a living creature. Thanks to the invention, the NASA increasingly confident man can begin to inhabit Mars in the next few years. Moreover, a giant rocket NASA is now used to carry humans to Mars has entered the stage of development

Kepler telescope odyssey for twins Earth

photo: nasa.gov - Kepler Spacecraft

Since its launch in March 2009, Kepler telescope US space agency (NASA) to scan the sky, to search for Earth-like planets orbiting other stars.

So far there are more than 1,000 exoplanets were successfully scanned the productive telescope.

More recently, the results of the detection of Kepler, astronomers found 8 exoplanets, or planets outside our solar system that might sustain life. Two of them even has similarities with Earth.

The eight planets orbiting in the habitable zone of their star. Or within a range that allows the liquid in the surface. The size is relatively small, not a giant.

"Most of these plenet probably composed of rock like Earth," said study author Guillermo Torres of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) in a statement, as quoted from the site SPACE.com science, Wednesday (07/01/2015).

The results of the Kepler detection dikonfimasi other telescope observations and computer programs that assess the statistical probability that they are bona fide. Not fake.

Although no one in the category of "alien Earth" or alien earth - two of them, namely Kepler and Kepler-438b-442b has in common with the human planet. Although both dwarf star orbiting a smaller and dimmer than the sun.

Kepler-438b, a distance of 470 light years from our solar system, only 12 percent wider than Earth and have a chance of 70 percent is composed of rocks. Once orbits its star, the planet spent 35 days, and receive 40 percent more energy than that received by the Earth from the sun.

Meanwhile, the size of the Kepler-442b about a third larger than the Earth. The chances are composed of rocks of about 60 percent. Once orbits its star, he spent 112 days. He got two-thirds of the Earth's energy received from the sun. According to scientists, the distance is about 1,100 light years from Earth.

Although similar to Earth, scientists emphasize, there is not necessarily in the second life of the planet.

"We do not know for sure if one of the planets in our sample truly livable," said another writer, David Kipping, also from the CFA. "At least they are a candidate."

Many things that are uncertain. Including the composition of the planet. Though the planet's surface temperature depends on the composition and thickness of the atmosphere. Also does anyone know for sure about the air around Kepler and Kepler-438b-442b.

And some scientists use a stricter definition about the "habitable zone". Study team member Douglas Caldwell said, it is only 3 of 8 confirmed planet in the habitable zone. However, the team did not overlook the possibility of a potentially habitable 5 other living beings.

Only 1,000 alien planet that is identified as a potential planet by Kepler are officially confirmed. And 90 percent of them validated.

Of the 554 new candidates are announced, 8 of which are relatively small - between 1 and 2 times the size of Earth and orbit in the habitable zone of its star. Six of 8 orbiting the star belongs to the sun.

"Candidates that represents the Earth and the Sun system analogy," said Fergal Mullally of Kepler Science Office. "That's what actually sought by Kepler. We are getting closer to the discovery of a twin Earth orbiting around other stars."

List of People with World's Highest IQ

Some people turned out created with intelligence above average after a series of tests Intelligence Quotient (IQ) were tested to them. Although actually no definitive way to measure intelligence as an IQ test results are subjective. But the IQ test is sufficient as pembukti that some people are created with higher IQ scores than the other. Who are these people?

9. Marilyn Vos Savant (IQ 190)

Born on August 11, 1946, Marilyn was a columnist who lives in America, author, lecturer, and author of the manuscript. He has an IQ of about 190, and his name was registered in 1985 as the female owner of the highest IQ in the Guinness Book of World Records.

When he was a child, he often writes articles in local newspapers under the pseudonym. He studied philosophy at the University of Washington, but stopped after running for two years. Now he works as a columnist, solve mathematical puzzles, logic, and vocabulary from the readers.

8. Sir Issac Newton (IQ 190)

Who does not know Issac Newton? The thinking has been used in a variety of science, especially when he explains the law of gravity. Her IQ is estimated 190. It is one of the most influential scientists of all time.

As a mathematician he contributed to study the power series, binomial theorem, and develop Newton's method to approximate the roots of a function.

7. Garry Kasparov (IQ 190)

Regarded as the greatest chess player of all time, Garry Kasparov, who was born in 1963 this has an IQ of 190. He is a Russian chess grandmaster, a former world champion chess game. He learned to play chess at the age of 11 years and became the first champion at the age of 13 years.

6. Leornardo da Vinci (IQ 190)

Born in 1452 in Italy, da Vinci is believed to have an IQ of about 190. He is known for his Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. Genius da Vinci honored until now. His theories about glyphs, concentrated solar power, hydrodynamics, and plate tectonics is still used by scientists.

5. Christopher Michael Langan (IQ 195)

Referred to as the smartest person in America by the local media, Langan has an IQ of 195. He reached full score in the SAT exams despite fall asleep during the exam. Despite dropping out of college because of the cost, he continued working on theories and formulas while moonlighting. He developed the theory of Cognitive Model of the Universe and describes it as a theory of the relationship between thought and reality.

4. William James Sidis (IQ 195)

America was a child prodigy who was born in 1898 in New York. He has an IQ of 195 and can read a newspaper at the age of 18 months. From the age of eight years, he was able to speak eight languages. He was a student at Harvard when he was only 11, and graduated cum laude at the age of 16. At the age of consent, he was able to speak in 40 languages and proficient in complex mathematics. Unfortunately he died of a brain hemorrhage when he was only 46 years old.

3. Kim Ung-Yong (IQ 210)

A civil engineer and former child prodigy Korea, Kim Ung-Yong, registered as the holder of the highest IQ in the Guinness Book of World Records until 1990. Kim who was born in 1963 obtained a score of 210 on the IQ test given to children aged seven years when he was four years. He began to speak at the age of six months and can speak several languages such as Japanese, Korean, English, German before the age of three years.

At the age of four years, he has memorized more than 2000 words in English and German. At that age he has also been able to write poetry in Korean and Chinese. He began to show his genius at the age of 14 years to solve complex differential and integral calculus on Japanese television.

2. Christopher Hirata (IQ 225)

Is the youngest gold medalist in the International Physics Olympiad at the age of 11 years. Hirata, who was born in 1982 this has an IQ of 224. At three years old, he often toyed with her groceries total items. Upon entering the first grade of primary school, he was able to solve the problems of complex algebra.

Age 12 he took a course of physics and multi-variable calculus for students. He began working at NASA at the age of 16 years and participated explore projects in Mars exploration. He holds a PhD in Physics from the University of Pricenton when he was only 22 years old stomping. Currently he teaches astrophysics at Caltech.

1. Terence Tao (IQ 220-230)

Tao, who was born in 1975 is already understand basic arithmetic at the age of two years. Her IQ is estimated between 220 to 230. He earned bachelor's and master's degree at the age of 16 years. Tao has won various pernghargaan like Salem Prize (2000), Clay Research Award (2013), and others.

Tao is a mathematician who specializes in harmonic analysis, additive combinatorics, partial differential equations, random matrix theory, and theory Ergodic Ramsey. Currently he teaches at the University of California and nicknamed Mr. Fix-it by the researchers.

25 Years of Hubble Telescope

In the Milky Way or popular also with the term Milky Way Solar System is just a small piece. Perhaps, arguably, the Sun and its planets orbiting just a piece of a large cake. So, of course we are not alone. It is quite possible no life other than life on Earth.

The Milky Way was not alone. There are thousands of other galaxies in the universe. But, no one ever knew it before the scientists created a cutting-edge device, a telescope capable of peering into the universe around the Earth. The device was named Hubble. STS-31 rocket that carries the Hubble space for the first time on April 24 in 1990.

Telescope is a space telescope that was in Earth orbit. Named after the famous American scientist Edwin Hubble, who is none other than the inventor of the Hubble law, which applies in astronomy. Just so you know, most of the space objects that have been identified to date is thanks to the Hubble telescope.

launched in 1990

Forerunner of the Hubble telescope began in 1923. launch Wikipedia, a space agency on Earth, including NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Space Telescope Science Institute, recommends to build a giant space telescope. Given its price, which is valued at $ 1.5 billion, collective funds collected were took almost five decades.

PHOTOS: Beauty Evolution Comet Ison

Around the 1970s, the funds for these projects began to appear. Had to be launched in 1983, the launch of the Hubble canceled due to technical issues, lack of funds, and the Challenger accident trauma that still lasting. Finally, the launch of the Hubble project successfully conducted on April 24 in 1990.

Today, Hubble is still hovering high Earth orbit 559 kilometers above sea level. Wearing reflector (reflective) Ritchey-Chretien telescope with a diameter of 2.4 meter primary lens is capable of presenting the image of the space objects that were located far away from the Earth.

At a rate of 28,000 kilometers per hour, Hubble is able to circumnavigate the Earth within 97 minutes. Hubble energy comes from two solar panels that can provide 2800 watts of power. This power is needed telescope weighs approximately one ton, or about the size of a city bus, every time orbits.

Just to note, the farthest distance of galaxies captured by the Hubble reach 10 billion light years. If one light year is equivalent to 9.5 trillion kilometers, it is hard to imagine the distance that successfully monitored by the Hubble telescope. By comparison, the Moon as the Earth's nearest celestial bodies, the distance is about 385 thousand kilometers from Earth.

25 years

In short, the Hubble telescope has answered the most fundamental human questions, which is about the formation of the universe, the solar system, Earth, and especially the origin of man. In terms of understanding the universe, the images captured Hubble provide outstanding contributions.

Cosmology once speculative because the level of uncertainty is high, above 50 percent, has now become a very scalable with the level of uncertainty of less than 10 percent.

The Hubble telescope has made the so-called Hubble constant increasingly accurate. The Hubble constant is a parameter to calculate the rate of expansion of the universe.

After two decades of orbiting and offering exceptional images, Hubble has not tired of serving humans to understand the universe as well as the symptoms that occur in it.

In an interview with Newscientist recently, Malcolm Niedner, Hubble researchers from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, noted that more than half of the change in the human understanding of the universe derived from Hubble photograph objects in areas never previously imagined.

In December 2008, the Hubble recorded the greatest works. The Telescope image of the galaxy cluster Abell sent 85. Located 740 million light-years from Earth, Abell 85 is the largest object in the universe collapses.

Stepping age to 23 years, Hubble helped uncover the mystery man in the universe. So also for scientists, especially cosmology and astronomy, very exceptional services. Thanks to its presence, the human eye is now more open to watch the symptoms that occur in space. Thank you, Hubble.

Scientists predict that Comet Rain Leads to Destruction Earth

Meteor shower which we see a beautiful natural scenery. But in the future, the earth would be bombarded with comets and could be a disaster for the earth.

If the prediction was correct German scientist, rain comet will be destroyed the earth. Because there will be a large group of comets which will enter the solar system and is threatening the Earth.

According to astrophysicists from the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, thousands of comet it will enter the solar system and collide with the Earth. The result will cause great damage to the earth.

"The invasion of this comet could erase life on earth as a whole by creating an imbalance of gravity of the solar system," wrote scientist named Dr. Coryn Bailey-Jones in his report, as quoted from IB Times, Monday, December 22, 2014.

The report published by the German institutions also revealed that a number of asteroids and comets that once orbited in Neptune could potentially pose a threat to our solar system.

"Stars are passed almost close to the sun would disturb the Oort cloud. They cause a number of comets into the solar system that has the potential collision with the Earth," says Bailey-Jones.

He did not arbitrarily write a report like this. Previously, he has conducted research by looking around 50,000 solar orbit around the galaxy.

"This study uses Monte Carlo simulation to compare some of the data covariance. It aims to determine the obscurity of time, distance and speed of the comet encounter with Earth appropriately," he wrote in the report.

In its report, the Bailey-Jones also reveal if Gliese 710 also has the potential to disturb the Oort cloud. It could also lead to a series of deadly comet showers in the solar system.

However, the inhabitants of the earth do not have to worry about this imminent disaster. Because, it will not appear in the near future. Rain comets new possibilities will occur 500,000 years.

IN EARLY 2015 EARTH crossed COMET LOVEJOY

 (www.csmonitor.com)

Not only Quadrantids meteor shower will adorn the beginning of 2015, the comet C / 2014 Q2, or named Comet Lovejoy is also helped to paint a landscape pleasing to the eye.

Comet Lovejoy discovered by Australian amateur astronomer Terry Lovejoy in August last year. This comet will be bolted to the nearest point estimates of Earth in a distance of about 44 million miles on the 7th of January.

A senior astronomer from New Zealand, Alan Gilmore, revealing the natural performances presented by the comet Lovejoy will be slightly disturbed, because it coincides with the full moon.

"Except, when the comet (Lovejoy) suddenly become bright, then like the moon is in the sky," Gilmore said as reported by The Age, Monday, January 5th, 2015.

Previously, the inventor, Terry Lovejoy predict that the comet is hard to see with the naked eye conditions. However, the prediction is not appropriate.

Comet Lovejoy increasingly bright. On the day after tomorrow, this comet will appear in the northern sky, on the right bottom of the arc Orion, just above the constellation Eridanus.

Gilmore added, Lovejoy tonight will be at the top and left of the brightest star, Rigel, in the constellation Orion. Then, green comet will continue to move every night, so right on January 14 will be in the Pleiades or cluster in the constellation Taurus Kartika.

"The full moon in the sky will appear, after sunset until 8th (January). After that, there is a full moon intervals again, after dusk," he said.

Known, the comet Lovejoy will have its closest to the Sun on 30 January. It is estimated that, prior to that date can be enjoyed by the observer to see the heavenly bodies.

When first discovered the comet appears as a fuzzy blob in the constellation Lepus, which is in line with the brightest star, Rigel in the constellation Orion.

However, recently scientists alleged wrong, Comet Lovejoy increasingly bright. On 7 January, this comet will appear in the northern sky, on the right bottom of the arc Orion, just above the constellation Eridanus.

While the National Gepgraphic write this comet cloud predictions will not be visible to the naked eye end-January or February 2015. However, recently changed the activity of the comet's surface after exposure to heat and melt when the orbit close to the sun.
Mentioned since the summer of this year, more bright comet in the hundreds of times. In fact, the level of brightness of this comet masuh in ranking 5. This means that the comet has reached a technical level that could be seen naked eye.

Although said to be seen with the naked eye, but it is recommended to get the best appearance is by using binoculars.

Simple tips you can try is wait until late at night, half the night, when the comet rises in the sky southeast and far from the horizon hazy sky. Then, when the comet is getting up high in the northern sky, this is the better moments that offer gorgeous photos. So prepare your eyes and binoculars to see it.

As for the level of brightness of this comet, Carey Lisse, senior research scientist Applied Physics Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University, USA, said that depending on various factors. Among them how much the amount of ice contained in the comet, comet how warm conditions at the time, lintasn comets in the inner solar system, how close to the earth and the point of observation.

Sightings

If the weather is sunny, sempatkanlah staring at the night sky. Hopefully you can see the appearance of bright green comet, comet Lovejoy around shampoo north, on the right bottom of the arc Orion, just above the constellation Eridanus.

On this night, astronomers estimate the code comet C / 2014 Q2 it will fly with the closest point to the Earth, at a distance of 44 million miles. This distance is almost half of the Earth is to the sun. If you missed this evening, you can return the chance to watch the bright comet on Jan. 30. For Lovejoy comet will be closest to the sun.

Sky and Telescope launched, Wednesday, January 7th, 2015, the naked eye observation, this comet will probably be faintly visible as a small circular stain in the night sky. When viewed through terpong or telekop width, this comet will be seen more clearly as light shining ball.

Stages of Disaster Victim Identification or Accident

Victims of natural disasters or technical such as crash or train collisions, often difficult to identify because his body was severely damaged. Forensic science has a standard method for identifying identity.

Fingerprint or Dactyloscopy

The death toll from the crash or train collision is usually in the hundreds and not intact. The classical method of identification is dactyloscopy fingerprint tracking alias so. Almost no one identical fingerprints. By comparing fingerprints antemortem and postmortem usually traceable identity of the victim.

Physical traits or anthropometric

If the body of the victim was not seriously damaged, various physical characteristics can also be used as a reference. For example, certain marks on the body, moles, scar, tattoo or maybe disability. Various characteristics can be matched and tracked to determine the identity of the victim.

Forensic Dentistry or odontology

The shape and arrangement of teeth per person is also unique. In developed countries most regular citizens coming to the dentist and have the image of dental records. For victims of accidents that damaged his body weight, dental X-Ray image with all the trademark, including dentures or revoked can be used as a method of identification of identity.

Röntgen image

One method of identification is to compare the X-ray image while still alive and after death. For example, the former track accidents, broken bones or other deformation. But unfortunately not many people who have X-ray image of the body or body part. But even this method is often used for the identification of victims of accidents or disasters.

Fingerprint Genetics

Most newer method is to track the DNA code which is a fingerprint that can not be faked. How to take a DNA sample to be compared with samples victim fingerprints closest genetics, usually brother, sister or parent. This method is very accurate but requires a mastery of technique and a relatively long time.

Of interest to the Police Civil

Police forensic science began to be used in the 18th century to track victims and perpetrators of crime. Tracing and analysis of material evidence at the crime scene, usually able to reveal the identity of victims of crime are not known, and capture the alleged perpetrator. Now the method is further extended to the realm of civil society, especially for the identification of disaster victims.

History Black Box On Commercial Aircraft

The first commercial aircraft manufacturer that uses jet engine aircraft, the De Havilland Comet suffered a fatal accident four times in 1953 and 1954. Three of them is an accident at the time did not know the cause.

The first accident De Havilland Comet, which overrides the airline Canadian Pacific Airlines in Karachi, Pakistan on March 3, 1953 called the result of pilot error. Then on May 2, 1953 an accident similar happened BOAC Flight 783/057, then on January 10, 1954 accident also happened to occur at the BOAC 781 and airline South African Airways Flight 201 on 8 April 1954.

The series of accidents that are then forced a massive improvement on the Comet fleet. The whole Comet finally be grounded to prevent recurrence of accidents which was later known as a result of structural errors.

Accident that later inspired David Warren, an Australian scientist and researcher who is also an expert fuel to create what is now known as the black box or black box, especially for parts Cockpit Voice Recorder (VCR) and Flight Data Recorder (FDR).

The idea came when he realized that the accident is investigated if the flight will be able to listen to the last conversation in the cockpit plane and data plane functions recording.

Previously existing tool is only used to record flight data, but there are shortcomings that can not record sound in the cockpit. This tool was created by Francois Hussenot and Paul Beaudouin in 1939 by making a recording device in the form of films with a length of 8 meters. This tool data record altitude, speed and others.

Waren then try experimenting after seeing a mini sound recordings in an exhibition event. He also makes the device using magenitik recording device that can be removed and reused to record.

The first model of this device, completed in 1957. The results of his creation tool can record voice data for four hours and the instrument can record data on the steel plate. While modern devices using digital data recorder data can be easily and quickly downloaded.

Merging the flight data recorder or the Flight Data Recorder (FDR) and Cockpit Voice Recorder (VCR) is what is now used as a black box.

At that time, the airline industry is not directly adopt these devices because of their security-related issues of privacy.

Warren was struggling to obtain recognition mengignat how important the device. Warren was featured in a live interview with ABC in 1985 .. He was told how the struggle in finding and developing these devices.

It was only in 1960, the Australian government began to adopt the Flight Data Recorder (FDR) on commercial aircraft marking the use of this device for the first time.

The data collected by this device include plane direction, altitude, speed, vertical acceleration, and time data. But now, the device is capable of recording more data to be able to reconstruct the accident, analyze problems, and with a more resilient power including fire resistant and survive when immersed in the sea.

Now, the black box is also equipped with Underwater Locator Beacon (ULB) which is active when interacting with water and will emit an emergency signal for 30 days so it is easy to find. In addition, the black box is also given a flaming orange color that is easily recognizable.

However, in some cases, the black box is sometimes also not found. It is then inspire the emergence of other more sophisticated devices that real time reporting system or ACARS (Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System).

But so far the device has managed to track basic information ranging from takeoff to landing. In addition, some aircraft manufacturers have already complete with an MP3 recording devices that can record up to 500 hours of flight data.