KIDNEY CANCER
Incidence rates of kidney cancer
Kidney cancer is a malignant tumor that is
often found in the urinary system , with the incidence rate reached 3 % ~ 6 %
of all malignant tumors . Each year incidence rates of kidney cancer worldwide
increased 2 % , kidney cancer patients who die each year is approaching 100,000
cases . Kidney cancer occupying levels 80 % ~ 90 % of malignant tumors of
adults. Renal cancers are most often found in adults . Comparison between
patients with kidney cancer men and women is 2:1 , can occur at any age , the
highest incidence rates of 50-70 years of age .
Percentage survival of kidney cancer
Many factors affect the survival rate of
kidney cancer , kidney cancer patients after general surgery nephrectomy 5
-year survival rate of approximately 35 % ~ 40 % , 10 -year survival rate of
about 17 % ~ 30 % . The prognosis of kidney cancer is sometimes difficult to
estimate , within a period of 20-30 years or even longer after nephrectomy
surgery , metastatic lesions .
What are the causes of kidney cancer ?
Kidney cancer incidence rates are very high
, but people still do not understand clearly the true cause of kidney cancer .
Kidney cancer is a result of joint effects of various factors .
( 1 ) Smoking : Dangers of kidney cancer for people who
smoke more than 30 years and smoking cigarettes without filters is very high .
( 2 ) Overweight and high blood pressure : Overweight and
high blood pressure are two factors that can lead to dangerous kidney cancer in
men .
( 3 ) Occupation : Worker field of metal , newspaper
printing workers , coal charcoal workers , the dry cleaning industry and trade
of petrochemical products , it could increase the rate of kidney cancer
incidence and mortality risk .
( 4) The radiation : In the long period of exposure under
a weak radioactive source can increase the risk of kidney cancer .
( 5 ) Gentetik : The population of people from wild
member had cancer , the incidence rate is higher than the ordinary person .
( 6 ) Food and drugs : According to the survey , consume
dairy products , animal protein and high amounts of fat , less fruit and
vegetable consumption is a danger factor that can lead to kidney cancer .
Symptoms of kidney cancer
1 . There is no obvious symptoms : Until now , the
clinically more than 40 % of kidney cancers discovered at the time of medical
examination or examination for other reasons by chance , there are no obvious
symptoms or signs . In the inspection process , the incidence rate increasing
every year , mostly early lesions , the prognosis is good . Therefore ,
periodic medical examination is very important .
2 . Typical local symptoms : Peeing blood , back pain , a
lump in the abdomen is known as the three main symptoms of kidney cancer . At
the moment all three of these symptoms appear in the patient's body , most
interpret disease condition has progressed to an advanced stage , the hope for
treatment once a small , but very little these circumstances . Most patients
have only one or two symptoms of the three symptoms above .
( 1 ) Diabetes Blood :
Approximately 40 % of kidney cancer patients will develop symptoms urinating
blood , blood urine appears which can be seen with the naked eye , blood urine
may also appear under the microscope observation . At the time of blood urine
in large quantities to form a blood clot symptoms of renal colic pain , painful
urination , dysuria , urinary retention even .
( 2 ) Lump : The kidneys
are in retroperitoneal , is located in , the stomach can not feel touched , only
when the tumor size is rather large or when the tumor is located on the bottom
of the new kidney can be palpated for lumps , about 10 % ~ 40 % of patients no
palpable lump in the belly , sometimes these symptoms is the only symptom .
( 3 ) Pain : Back pain
due to tumor after growing up , the elasticity of the outer layer of the kidney
to increase or tumor invasion into surrounding tissues , causing pain dull
monotone ( continuous ) . The rate of appearance of symptoms of pain was 20 % ~
40 % . When associated with symptoms should seek treatment immediately , so as
not to delay the disease .
3 . Symptoms throughout the body : 10 % ~ 40 % of
patients experienced a paraneoplastic syndrome , with symptoms of high blood
pressure , anemia , weight loss , cachexia , inflammation , polycythemia ,
liver dysfunction and other
4 . Symptoms metastases : Because of the metastases of
patients may experience bone pain , fractures , cough , coughing up blood and
other symptoms . Approximately 10 % of patients seek treatment because of the
presence of metastases . Clinical symptoms vary kidney cancer , when found the
symptoms as mentioned earlier , immediately consult with a specialist to
perform the examination with the related necessary .
What many diagnostic methods ?
The main clinical diagnosis of kidney cancer rely on
imaging diagnosis , pathology examination is required for identification
1 . Imaging diagnosis
( 1 ) X - ray examination : The waist
radiographic imaging may show increased renal lesion site irregular , large
waist muscles blurred shadow . In intravenous phelograpi often seen pelvis or
calyceal depressed , distortion , elongated or reversed .
( 2 ) Ultrasound : Can distinguish between
mass and renal cysts , renal cancer also show the scope , if there is invasion
of nearby organs and the presence or absence of metastases in the liver and
spleen.
( 3 ) CT scan : Mainly used for the
diagnosis of space-occupying lesions of the kidney and cystic mass
identification and a solid mass , with a level of accuracy that reaches 95 % .
Objective can give a more accurate evaluation of tumor size , shape , density ,
presence or absence ④ Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI ) : Can be clearly
identified with solid and cystic renal masses.
2 . Examination pathology
Renal biopsy can get pathomorphologi early diagnosis .
Staging stage kidney cancer
According to the method of Robson , stage kidney cancer
can be divided into the following steps below :
Stage I : The tumor is located in the renal capsule.
Stage II : Tumor invasion into fat surrounding the kidney
, but is still limited to the perirenal fascia.
Stage III : divided into stage IIIa , stage IIIb and IIIc
stage
Stage IIIA : Tumor invasion into renal vein or inferior
vena static pulse ;
Stage IIIb : Invasion to the regional lymph nodes
Stage IIIc : At the same time the invasion of renal vein
, inferior vena cava , lymph nodes .
Stage IV is divided into stage IVa and stage IVb.
Stage Iva : Tumor invasion into adjacent organs with
extra - adrenal ;
Ivb Stage : Distant metastases of tumors.
Kidney cancer treatment method
After diagnosis and staging of cancer , the
doctor will discuss the specifics of treatment programs , today provides a bit
of time to think about who will be chosen treatment program is very important .
One important factor is the effect of cancer staging . Other considerations
include the health condition itself , the side effects of the treatment program
, whether it can prolong life , relieve symptoms and others .
If suffering from kidney cancer , the
treatment options include : surgery , radiation therapy, targeted therapy ,
immunotherapy , chemotherapy or therapies are used together .
1. Operations
( 1 ) radical nephrectomy : Surgical
removal of the entire kidney , adrenal gland
and resection of
adipose tissue around the kidney . Also removal of nearby lymph
nodes . Most
patients therefore can only rely on the kidneys to filter urine .
( 2 ) lymph node dissection : When the
cancer has reached the lymph nodes , many
doctors at the
time of radical resection , also will clean the lymph nodes .
( 3 ) Partial nephrectomy : excision of part
of the kidney that contains the tumor
tissue .
( 4 ) Resection of metastases : Resection of
the tumor that had metastases , it can
help alleviate
the patient's pain and symptoms .
2. Methods Ar - He knife therapy
Under the guidance of ultrasound or CT , freezing probe
is inserted into the cancer , argon gas is channeled rapidly lowering the
temperature of the cancer , then change the channel the gases helium , so that
the ice ball up again , at least two cycles , so as to achieve the destruction
of tumor tissue .
3. Radiofrequency ablation
This technology is the application of high- energy radio
waves to heat the tumor . Under the guidance of imaging equipment , by
percutaneously inserted through the skin into the cancer , the cancer is heated
with high frequency to destroy cancer cells .
4. Methods Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy is the application of high-energy rays (
such as X-rays ) to kill or shrink cancer cells.
5. Methods of targeted therapies
Targeted therapies is to inhibit the growth of blood
vessels that supply nutrients to tumors and cancer cell growth in other parts .
6 . Methods immunotherapy
Primarily to improve the body's own immune system to
fight off or destroy cancer cells.
7 . Methods chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is an anti-cancer drug by injecting into a
vein or by oral pills . These drugs will be through the blood flow throughout
the body .
Therapy TCM characteristics
TCM after years of exploitation and
research, TCM is effective in the treatment of balance and strengthen the body
against cancer, TCM drugs can explore the whole process of treatment of kidney
cancer, the experts can combine the theory of diagnosis and treatment with
other therapeutic methods to improve the effectiveness of treatment and
minimize toxicity, the use of pure TCM also has a particular effective in
inhibiting cancer growth, improve quality of life and others. Besides
acupuncture, needle insertion, injection akupoin, massage, qigong therapy is
also very helpful for kidney cancer patients reduce symptoms and improve
efficacy.
