What is What is
oral cancer ?
Cancer of the oral cavity is a common
designation of a malignant tumor that occurs in the oral cavity , including lip
cancer , cancer of the gingiva , tongue cancer , cancer of the oral cavity
palate , jaw cancer , cancer of the mouth , oropharyngeal cancer , salivary
gland cancer , cancer of the maxillary sinus and cancer that occurs in the
mucous membranes of the skin on the face .
How high incidence rates of oral cancer ?
Of all types of cancer , oral cavity cancer
incidence rates occupy levels ~ 5.6 % 1:45 % of all malignant tumors ,
incidence rates were higher in men than women .
What are the factors that cause oral cancer ?
1 . Habit of smoking and alcohol
consumption in the long term : most oral cancer patients have a history of
smoking and drinking alcohol for a long time and oral cavity cancer patients
who do not smoke and do not drink alcohol very slightly visible .
2 . Condition less oral hygiene : oral
hygiene habits are lacking , creating the conditions for the growth of bacteria
or fungi flourish in the oral cavity , thus simplifying the formation of
nitrosamines .
3 . Stimulation foreign matter in the long
run : the root of the tooth or teeth are pointy end , dentures that do not fit
in stimulating the mucous membranes of the oral cavity for a long time ,
causing chronic injury and occurs canceration .
4 . Nutrition is not good : such as lack of
Vitamin A1 and Vitamin B2 and elements Zinc , Arsenic , all of which can
increase the body's sensitivity to carcinogens , thus causing oral cancer .
5 . Mucosa leukoplakia and erythema : Oral
Mucosal erythema and proliferation of leukoplakia is often a symptom of
precancerous lesions .
6 . Ultraviolet ( UV ) : tepapar outdoor
workers directly in the sun for a long time , the incidence rate of oral cancer
is higher .
7 . Ionizing radiation : Ionizing radiation
can cause changes in the genetic material
DNA , activating genes causing tumor
canceration .
Eighth . Another factor : chronic hepatitis
, liver cirrhosis , viral infections and other diseases that cause decreased
immunity levels are also associated with cancer of the oral cavity .
What are the symptoms of oral cancer are
suspect?
1 . Discoloration : If the oral cavity changes
color to white , brown or black , mean epidermal cell mucosal changes .
Especially the oral mucosa turned into a rough , thickened or become scleroma ,
arise oral mucosa leukoplakia , erythema , very likely an canceration .
2 . Wounds that do not heal : Process sores
in the oral cavity is generally not more than two weeks , when there burning,
pain in excess of two weeks and not getting better , need to be aware of the
possibility of cancer of the oral cavity .
3 . Obvious pain : In the early stages
there is no pain or just feel abnormal friction in one piece , after ulcerate
obvious pain , along with further tumor infasi to the nerve , causing pain in
ears and throat .
4 . Swollen lymph nodes : Cancer of the
oral cavity most metastases to lymph nodes in the neck , causing swelling of
the lymph nodes .
5 . Symptoms of dysfunction : Tumor
invasion might mouth muscles and joints of the lower jaw , causing movement
limited mouth opening and closing .
Own examination of the oral cavity cancer
1 . Examine the face and neck : When
examining the neck, as much as possible must be raised my head back , look at
whether there is an abnormality in the bone of the lower jaw and neck ; then
use a separate hand touching the left and right side of the neck and lower jaw
bone area , try to feel whether there is a difference of the two sides on the
neck and lower jaw bone area .
2 . Checking the lips : Previously using
eye observing the outer side of the upper and lower lips , then use hands to
touch , then use your thumb and index finger pull the lower lip down to inspect
the inside , the last check the inside of the upper lip .
3 . Checking gums : Attractive lips to
check the gums and use the index finger to touch , observe whether the result
is not the same with the previous examination .
4 . Checking cheek : The mouth closed ,
then by placing the thumb and index finger in the corner of the lip and pull it
outwards , using the eyes to observe , at the same time using two hands to
touch the sides of the cheeks , to see if there is an abnormality .
5 . Checking tongue : tongue Reaching out ,
using the hand that has been wrapped in gauze to hold my tongue , watching and
touching the surface of the tongue , pull to the left and right , pay attention
to the two sides of the tongue .
6 . Checking the base of the tongue : the
tongue lifted up as much as possible , observing and touching the base of the
tongue , check whether there is an abnormality .
7 . Checking section of the esophagus and
upper palate : Sounding " Aaaaa " , under illumination sufficient
attention to the throat , then ditengadahkan head slightly back , watching and
touching the ceiling above .
Conventional methods of treatment of cancer
of the oral cavity
1 . Operation : Surgical removal is a
common method in the treatment of oral cancer , oral cavity cancer early stage
if still not found metastases to lymph nodes in the neck , can use a single
method with surgical removal .
2 . Chemotherapy : In the treatment of head
and neck cancer are very few who only uses chemotherapy , usually combined with
radiotherapy , in order to increase the sensitivity of the radiation beam .
3 . Radiotherapy : Treatment of radiotherapy although used alone or in
combination with surgery , in the treatment of cancer of the oral cavity has an
important function , can maintain the functions of chewing , swallowing and
voice function , improve the quality of life of oral cancer
